mkatari-bioinformatics-august-2013-introlinuxnotes
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mkatari-bioinformatics-august-2013-introlinuxnotes [2015/06/11 09:01] – [Wildcards] mkatari | mkatari-bioinformatics-august-2013-introlinuxnotes [2015/06/11 09:22] – [Permissions] mkatari | ||
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===== File manipulation ===== | ===== File manipulation ===== | ||
- | Useful commands for manipulating files and directories. | + | Useful commands for manipulating files and directories. To get details about how to use the commands type man < |
+ | ^Command ^Action ^ | ||
+ | |mkdir | make a directory | | ||
+ | |rmdir | remove a directory (only works if the directory is empty ) | | ||
+ | |cd | change directory | | ||
+ | |pwd | present working directory | | ||
+ | |ls | list of files and directories in the directory. You can use wild card to look for specific files. You can also use -l to see details such as permission for files and directories | | ||
+ | |cp | copy a file and/or directories. Use -r to recursively copy. | | ||
+ | |mv | move a file. It will copy and then delete the source. This can be used to rename files as well. | | ||
+ | |rm | remove a file | | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | [mkatari@hpc ~]$ mkdir temp | ||
+ | [mkatari@hpc ~]$ cd temp/ | ||
+ | [mkatari@hpc temp]$ ls | ||
+ | [mkatari@hpc temp]$ cp ../ | ||
+ | [mkatari@hpc temp]$ ls | ||
+ | allusers.txt | ||
+ | [mkatari@hpc temp]$ mv allusers.txt allusers.backup | ||
+ | [mkatari@hpc temp]$ ls | ||
+ | allusers.backup | ||
+ | [mkatari@hpc temp]$ rm allusers.backup | ||
+ | [mkatari@hpc temp]$ ls | ||
+ | [mkatari@hpc temp]$ cd ../ | ||
+ | [mkatari@hpc ~]$ rmdir temp/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====== Permissions ====== | ||
+ | |||
+ | There are three levels of permissions that can be assigned to all files, programs, and directories | ||
+ | * Read: open the file and copy it | ||
+ | * Write: edit the file and delete it | ||
+ | * Execute: Run the commands in the file or change into the directory if it is a directory | ||
+ | |||
+ | There are also three different levels of users: | ||
+ | * User – you | ||
+ | * Group – A collection of users that are in a group | ||
+ | * Everyone - Not just the people who have accounts on the machine but if the directory is open to the public and any one. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The commands used to change owner, group, and specific permissions are: | ||
+ | * chown – changes the owner | ||
+ | * chgrp – changes the group | ||
+ | * chmod – change read, write, and execute permissions | ||
+ | * +/- r = read | ||
+ | * +/- w = write | ||
+ | * +/- x = execute | ||
+ | * u = user level | ||
+ | * g = group level | ||
+ | * o = others | ||
+ | * a = all | ||
+ | * chmod can also use three numbers to set permissions where the value of the number represents a specific combination of rwx and their order assigns it to the different levels (u,g,o) | ||
+ | * 0 = none | ||
+ | * 1 = execute only | ||
+ | * 2 = write only | ||
+ | * 3 = write and execute only | ||
+ | * 4 = read only | ||
+ | * 5 = read and execute only | ||
+ | * 6 = read and write only | ||
+ | * 7 = read, write and execute | ||
mkatari-bioinformatics-august-2013-introlinuxnotes.txt · Last modified: 2015/06/11 11:50 by mkatari